Which evaluation error occurs when a manager generalizes one negative performance feature to all aspects?

• A. Horn Effect
• B. Halo Effect
• C. Central Tendency
• D. Leniency

Answer: (A)

When evaluating performance, a single negative feature can unfairly color the entire assessment. This is the horn effect, a bias where one flaw leads the manager to infer poor performance across all areas, coloring the overall rating even if other aspects are strong. It contrasts with the halo effect, where one positive trait makes everything seem better, whereas central tendency and leniency describe different distortions: central tendency pulls ratings toward the middle, and leniency tends to be overly generous. To reduce this bias, use clear, behavior-based criteria and multiple data points so ratings reflect specific evidence rather than a single impression.